1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Verse 7. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. Answer. in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Verse 14. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. Mughal Sultanate Flashcards | Quizlet Answer. A Short Note On Kalhana's Rajatarangini - Unacademy It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Translating the Past: Rethinking Rajatarangini Narratives in Colonial Answer. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 1 Hence the correct answer is Option B. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Devout Shaivite. In 1380 C.E. Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? - ProfoundTips Rajatharangini ; Vidwan T.K. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. Shah Mir dynasty - Wikipedia He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. It does not store any personal data. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. It is by late Vidwan T.K. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Made in Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India, The Frail Hero and Virile History: Gender and the Politics of Culture in Colonial Bengal, Vernacular Histories in Late Nineteenth-Century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 17001960, The Making of an Indian Nationalist Archive: Lakshmibai, Jhansi, and 1857, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, Kings of Kashmira: A Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Jonaraja, Shrivara and of Prajyabhatta and Shuka, History of KashmiraA Contribution Towards Ancient Indian History, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib, Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, The BJP's Intellectual Agenda: Textbooks and Imagined History, A Critical Study of Indo-Persian Literature: During Sayyid and Lodi Period, 14141526, Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Pretexts and Paratexts: The Art of the Peripheral, The Question of History in Precolonial India, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context, The Hindi Public Sphere, 19201940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kasmir, The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir, Aurel Stein in Kashmir: The Sanskritist of Mohand Marg, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Gender, Society, and Polity in North India, Seventh to Twelfth Century AD, Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 16001800, Defining the Household: Some Aspects of Prescription and Practice in Early India, Turbulent Waves: Construction of Gender Relations in the, Negotiating India's Past: Essays in Memory of Partha Sarathi Gupta, History as Conceived by the Ancient Hindu and Other Nations, Ancient Indian Historiography: Sources and Interpretations, Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History, South Asia Institute, University of Texas, Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Studies of the Kashmir Council of Research. Verse 12. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Nothing is known about his origin. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. all exact any . In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The Journal of Asian Studies , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. (I.191) He belonged to. Was this answer helpful? His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. 23 February 2011. After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z After his death, the queen committed. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Verse 7. In those authorities, Abul Fazl interpreted Ramayana into Persian. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. section. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. He stopped the killing of cows by means . 2011 Duke University Press Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). Who translated Ramayana into Persian? - Vedantu Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? - GKToday It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. translator of the Rajataragini. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Verse 12. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. Son of Aksha. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Corrections? Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions No examples found, consider adding one please. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? 0 0 Similar questions Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. 'Rajatharangini' review: A Sanskrit classic from Kashmir revisited in [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. ): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". From Stein's translation:[3]. Manipulation in Dubbing: The Translation of English-language Films into Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. The Loharas ruled for many generations. . During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. How do people make money on survival on Mars? However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. His family ruled for many generations. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Verse 15. Sussala's son. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? PDF Translating the Past: Rethinking 'Rajatarangini' Narratives in - JSTOR . in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer.
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