The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Register for free, Home / Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. - Leith blockade. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Boston House, Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize Overview of Elizabeth I / To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. Spanish invasion plans. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Edward VI - Wikipedia The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. This increased tension between England and Spain. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly The invasion failed, however. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. West Yorkshire, She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. It had to deal with Irish . Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. . The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. West Yorkshire, As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Become a Member | However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Boston House, The attack was a success. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Elizabeth I: a biography. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. By instinct, Elizabeth was a he could also overthrow her. VAT reg no 816865400. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Those who refused this were sent to prison. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England.
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